What is Outgroup Favoritism? Outgroup Favoritism (OF) refers to the tendency for individuals to exhibit more positive attitudes, behaviors, and preferences towards outgroups than ingroups, particularly when it comes to moral or social issues. This means that people tend to show greater favoritism and admiration towards groups they don’t belong to, often at the expense […]
Cognitive Biases: Assumed Similarity Bias
What is Assumed Similarity Bias? Assumed Similarity Bias (ASB) refers to the tendency for individuals to overestimate the degree to which others share their own thoughts, feelings, and attitudes. This means that people tend to assume that others are more similar to themselves than they actually are. History of Assumed Similarity Bias The concept of […]
Cognitive Biases: Outgroup Homogeneity Bias
What is Outgroup Homogeneity Bias? Outgroup Homogeneity Bias (OHB) refers to the tendency for individuals to perceive outgroups (groups they don’t belong to) as being more homogeneous, or similar, than ingroups (groups they do belong to). This means that people tend to overestimate the similarity among members of an outgroup and underestimate the diversity within […]
Cognitive Biases: Truth Bias
What is Truth Bias? Truth Bias, also known as the “illusion of truth” or “repetition-induced truth,” refers to the tendency for people to perceive false or unverified information as true after repeated exposure to it. This phenomenon occurs because our brains tend to process familiar information more easily and associate it with a higher level […]
Cognitive Biases: Social Desirability Bias
What is Social Desirability Bias? Social Desirability Bias (SDB) refers to the tendency for individuals to provide answers or behave in a manner that they believe will be viewed favorably by others, rather than responding truthfully or authentically. This bias can manifest in various ways, including: History of Social Desirability Bias The concept of Social […]
Cognitive Biases: GroupShift
What is Groupshift? Groupshift, also known as the Group Polarization Phenomenon or Attitude Shift, refers to the tendency for individuals within a group to shift their attitudes and opinions towards more extreme positions after engaging in group discussions. This phenomenon occurs when group members interact with each other, share information, and influence one another’s thoughts […]
Cognitive Biases: GroupThink
What is Groupthink? Groupthink is a psychological phenomenon where a group of individuals, motivated by the desirefor unanimity and the avoidance of conflict, make irrational or poor decisions. This occurs whengroup members value consensus over critical thinking, leading to a lack of diverse perspectivesand alternative solutions. History of Groupthink The concept of Groupthink was first […]
Cognitive Biases: Courtesy Bias
What is the Courtesy Bias? The Courtesy Bias, also known as the Politeness Bias or the Tactfulness Effect, refers to thetendency for people to avoid giving accurate but unpleasant feedback in order to be polite,friendly, and courteous. This phenomenon occurs when individuals prioritize social harmony andavoiding hurt feelings over providing honest information. How does the […]
Cognitive Biases: The Bandwagon Effect
The Bandwagon Effect! A fascinating psychological phenomenon that explains why people tend tofollow the crowd and join in on a popular trend, idea, or movement. Here’s a detailedexplanation of this effect: What is the Bandwagon Effect? The Bandwagon Effect, also known as social proof or herd behavior, is a cognitive bias thatoccurs when individuals are […]
Cognitive Biases: Availability Cascade
The Availability Cascade is a cognitive bias that refers to the tendency for people to overestimate the importance orlikelihood of information based on how easily examples come to mind. This bias was first identified by psychologists Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman in 1973. What is the Availability Cascade? The Availability Cascade occurs when we evaluate […]