The Appeal to Motive fallacy is a type of ad hominem argument that involves dismissing an opponent’s argument by attributing a perceived ulterior motive or personal interest. This fallacy assumes that because someone may have a particular motivation or stake in an issue, their argument must be invalid or biased. When someone commits the Appeal […]

The Poisoning the Well fallacy is a type of ad hominem fallacy that involves discrediting an opponent’s argument by associating it with unpopular, untrustworthy, or odious groups, individuals, or ideologies. This fallacy aims to discredit the entire argument or perspective by linking it to something deemed unacceptable or reprehensible. When someone commits the Poisoning the […]

The Circumstantial Ad Hominem fallacy is a type of argumentative fallacy that involves attacking an opponent’s character or circumstances rather than addressing the substance of their argument. It occurswhen someone attempts to discredit an opposing viewpoint by pointing out circumstances about the person making the argument, such as their job, social status, financial situation, or […]

Types of Ad Hominem Attacks There are several forms of Ad Hominem attacks, including: Examples of the Ad Hominem Fallacy Here are a few examples: The Problem with Ad Hominem Attacks Ad Hominem attacks are problematic because they: Countering the Ad Hominem Fallacy To counter Ad Hominem attacks:

The statement “You can commit injustice by doing nothing” suggests that inaction, indifference, or a lack ofengagement can be just as problematic as actively perpetuating harm. This phrase highlights the idea that our choices, including our decision to do nothing, have consequences that can impact others and contribute to systemic injustices. This quote is often […]

What is a Red Herring? A Red Herring is a term that originated in the 18th century, referring to a strong-smelling smoked fish (a red herring) that was used to distract hunting dogs from their quarry. In logic and argumentation, a Red Herring refers to any piece of information or argument that is intentionally introduced […]

What is Ignoratio Elenchi? Ignoratio Elenchi, also known as “ignoring the refutation” or “irrelevant thesis,” is a Latin term that translates to “ignoring the argument.” It occurs when someone: Examples: Person A: “We should invest in renewable energy because it’s better for the environment.”Person B: “But have you seen the latest studies on the benefits […]

What is the Argument from Silence? This fallacy involves assuming that because there is no mention or record of something, it must not exist or be true. The silence is taken as evidence against the existence or validity of the claim. Example: Person A: “I couldn’t find any records of a ancient civilization in this […]

The Argument from Repetition (also known as “Repetition Fallacy” or “Argumentum ad Nauseam”) is a type of informal logical fallacy that occurs when someone assumes that an argument or statement is true simply because it has been repeated multiple times. This fallacy arises when an individual uses repetition as a form of persuasion, rather than […]

The Argument from Incredulity (also known as the “Appeal to Ignorance” or “Argumentum ad Ignorantiam”) is a type of informal logical fallacy that occurs when someone argues that a claimmust be false because it seems too incredible, unlikely, or impossible to believe. This fallacy arises when an individual uses their own personal incredulity as evidence […]