What is Declinism? Declinism refers to the cognitive bias where individuals tend to perceive past events or periods as being better or moreenjoyable than they actually were. This phenomenon leads people to romanticize the past, often overlooking the difficulties and challenges that existed during those times. Causes of Declinism: Consequences of Declinism: Strategies to Overcome […]
Cognitive Biases: Curse of Knowledge
What is the Curse of Knowledge? The curse of knowledge refers to the phenomenon where individuals with extensive knowledge or expertise in a particular domain become unable to effectively communicate or relate to those without such knowledge. This cognitive bias leads experts to overestimate the importance of their specialized knowledge and underestimate the difficulty that […]
Cognitive Biases: Attribute Substitution
What is Attribute Substitution? Attribute substitution refers to the tendency for individuals to substitute one attribute or characteristic with another when making judgments or decisions. This cognitive bias leads people to focus on an easily accessible attribute instead of the more relevant but harder-to-evaluate attribute. In essence, attribute substitution is a mental shortcut that helps […]
Cognitive Biases: Additive Bias
What is Additive Bias? Additive bias refers to the tendency for individuals to overemphasize the importance of additional information or features when making decisions. This cognitive bias leads people to focus on what can be added, rather than considering what already exists. In essence, additive bias is a “more is better” approach, where individuals feel […]
Cognitive Biases: Action Bias
What is Action Bias? Action bias refers to the tendency for individuals to prefer taking action over doing nothing, even when the situation calls for caution or inaction. This cognitive bias leads people to prioritize activity over passivity, often resulting in impulsive decisions that may not be in their best interest. In essence, action bias […]
Cognitive Biases: Subjective Validation
What is Subjective Validation? Subjective validation occurs when individuals evaluate information based on how well it aligns with their personal biases,rather than its objective accuracy. This bias can manifest in various ways: How does Subjective Validation work? The subjective validation effect is thought to result from two psychological mechanisms: Factors contributing to Subjective Validation Several […]
Cognitive Biases: Rhyme as Reason Effect
What is Rhyme as Reason Effect? The Rhyme as Reason Effect occurs when people are exposed to rhyming statements or phrases that convey a message, such as: These types of statements can create an illusion of truth due to their poetic structure and rhythm. How does Rhyme as Reason Effect work? The Rhyme as Reason […]
Cognitive Biases: Illusory Truth Effect
What is Illusory Truth Effect? The Illusory Truth Effect occurs when people are exposed to repeated information, which can take various forms: How does Illusory Truth Effect work? The Illusory Truth Effect is a result of two psychological mechanisms: Factors contributing to Illusory Truth Effect Several factors can contribute to the Illusory Truth Effect: Examples […]
Cognitive Biases: Belief Bias
What is Belief Bias? Belief bias was first identified by psychologists Charles Lord, Mark Lepper, and Elizabeth Preston in 1984. It describes how individuals tend to: History of Belief Bias The concept of belief bias was introduced by Charles Lord, Mark Lepper, and Elizabeth Preston in their 1984 paper, “Considering the Opposite: A Corrective Strategy […]
Cognitive Biases: Objectivity Illusion
What is Objectivity Illusion? The Objectivity Illusion was first identified by psychologists Emily Pronin and Matthew Kugler in 2002. It describes howindividuals tend to: History of Objectivity Illusion The concept of Objectivity Illusion was introduced by Emily Pronin and Matthew Kugler in their 2002 paper, “Valuing a Diverse View: The Illusion of Objectivity.” The researchers […]